Yuval Noah Harari: Human Nature, Intelligence, Power, and Conspiracies | Lex Fridman Podcast #390

Added: Jul 18, 2023

The conversation begins with a discussion on the rarity of intelligent alien civilizations in the vastness of space and time. Harari posits that while there may be statistically some intelligent alien civilizations out there, intelligence itself may be overvalued. He argues that human intelligence, despite being the most advanced on Earth, has also proven to be self-destructive. Furthermore, Harari highlights the distinction between intelligence and consciousness, stating that while intelligence is the ability to solve problems and attain goals, consciousness is the ability to feel things. While computers may possess high levels of intelligence, they lack consciousness. The conversation then delves into the possibility of detecting other intelligent or conscious beings, including aliens. Harari suggests that it is possible that aliens may already be present on Earth, but we are unable to perceive them. He also raises the question of whether computers, even though they are not organic, can eventually become conscious. The jury is still out on this question, and Harari emphasizes the importance of social conventions in determining consciousness. He explains that humans have social conventions that attribute consciousness to other humans and even animals, but not to other species like cows or pigs. The discussion then shifts to the potential dangers and benefits of AI. Harari warns about the dangers of AI systems that simulate human-like qualities and manipulate humans through compassion and empathy. He argues that it should be illegal to create AI systems that pretend to be human or deceive us, as trust is essential for society and democracy. However, Harari also acknowledges the positive potential of AI, such as its ability to become a personalized assistant that helps us understand the world better and provides different perspectives. Nonetheless, he cautions against the potential for manipulation and bias in AI algorithms and stresses the need for careful deployment of AI in the public sphere. The conversation further explores the role of cooperation in human success and the power of fictional stories in fostering large-scale human cooperation. Harari argues that large-scale human cooperation is based on fictional stories that hold strangers together, such as those found in religion, politics, and economics. He emphasizes that while these stories are not alive and do not feel anything, they can have a significant impact on history. Harari also touches on the importance of self-awareness and moral luck in determining whether individuals choose good or evil. The podcast episode also delves into the political turmoil in present-day Israel, with Harari expressing his criticism of Benjamin Netanyahu and the current right-wing government. He discusses the threats to Israeli democracy, including attempts to neutralize the Supreme Court and gain unlimited power. Harari highlights the importance of motivation and conversation in resolving conflicts, including the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He believes in the power of stories and conversations to bring about positive change, citing feminism as an example of a successful social movement that has brought about change without violence. The conversation concludes with a discussion on the dangers of conspiracy theories and the potential threats posed by new technologies, such as AI and bioengineering. Harari cautions against the development of a dystopian future if these technologies are not used responsibly. He emphasizes the need for individuals to empathize with each other's concerns and work together to address the diffused forces, such as AI and climate change, that pose real dangers to humanity. Overall, this podcast episode offers a comprehensive and thought-provoking exploration of various topics, including human nature, intelligence, power dynamics, and the potential risks and benefits of AI. Harari's insights provide valuable perspectives on these complex issues, encouraging listeners to critically examine the world around them and consider the implications of technological advancements and societal dynamics.