Disturbing Psychological Experiments Reveal Dark Side of The Human Mind | Sheldon Solomon

Added: Aug 22, 2023

Solomon begins by explaining that while many people believe that sex is the primary motivator of human behavior, his research indicates that the fear of death is a more likely driving force. He references a clip from the TV show Westworld, where a character suggests that human consciousness is driven by the fear of death. Solomon agrees with this idea, stating that our knowledge of our own mortality is what makes us human. He delves into the origins of the term "psyche" and how it has evolved over time. Aristotle defined the soul as the essence of a body infused with life, and he gave examples of the soul's purpose in various objects and creatures. The soul of a human being, according to different perspectives, could be rationality, playfulness, tool-making, aesthetic appreciation, or storytelling. However, Solomon argues that the awareness of death is the defining characteristic of humanity. He shares his personal experience of becoming aware of death at a young age and how it has shaped his perspective. He explains that the awareness of death creates a persistent state of chronic unease or dis-ease, as we realize that our lives are finite and can end at any moment. The conversation then turns to the studies conducted by Solomon and his colleagues to explore the effects of death reminders on human behavior. They found that reminding people of their mortality increased their belief in God and the efficacy of prayer, especially among religious individuals. Atheists, on the other hand, became even more skeptical of the existence of God when reminded of death. These findings suggest that the fear of death influences our beliefs and attitudes, whether we are aware of it or not. Solomon also discusses the age at which children become aware of death. While it varies, most children are vaguely aware of death by the age of nine or ten. He acknowledges that there are likely multiple factors, including genetics, life circumstances, and generational trauma, that contribute to the development of death awareness in children. The conversation then shifts to the role of culture and religion in coping with the fear of death. Solomon explains that cultural beliefs and social roles provide a sense of meaning and value, which helps reduce death anxiety. He emphasizes that the need for meaning and value is a fundamental motivation underlying human behavior. The discussion touches on the differences between religious and secular worldviews and their impact on death anxiety. Solomon argues that there is a wide variety of cultural possibilities for finding meaning and value, and that no single worldview is superior. He challenges the notion that capitalism and Christianity are the best ways to cope with existential anxieties, pointing out the flaws and limitations of these systems. The conversation continues with a discussion on the difference between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome. Solomon mentions Jordan Peterson's views on meritocracy and capitalism, and how they relate to the pursuit of meaning and value. He suggests that systemic injustices and inequalities need to be acknowledged and addressed, but acknowledges that finding solutions is a complex task. The conversation continues with a focus on the famous Milgram experiment, in which participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to another person. Solomon explains that this experiment demonstrated the power of authority and the potential for individuals to engage in harmful behavior when instructed to do so. He also mentions the Stanford Prison Experiment, which revealed the negative effects of role-playing and the potential for abuse of power. Solomon then delves into the concept of death anxiety and its impact on human behavior. He explains that death anxiety is a fundamental aspect of human existence and influences various aspects of our lives, including our beliefs, values, and behaviors. He discusses the work of Ernest Becker, who argued that death anxiety drives individuals to seek meaning and significance in their lives. The conversation then shifts to the collapse of society and the potential consequences of extreme wealth inequality. Solomon highlights the Gilded Age as a historical period when the richest 50 people owned half of the Earth, leading to societal unrest and the rise of fascist leaders. He argues that when the rich become too greedy and the poor suffer, it creates a breeding ground for anger, despair, and the emergence of authoritarian figures. Solomon also discusses the potential collapse of society and the factors that contribute to it. He explains that when wealth inequality reaches a certain level, collapse becomes inevitable. However, he acknowledges that the specific form and timeline of collapse are uncertain, as it depends on various factors and the actions of those in power. The conversation then touches on the relationship between fear of death, religion, and the UFO phenomenon. Solomon suggests that the hope for something beyond ourselves, whether it be religious beliefs or the belief in extraterrestrial life, stems from a fear of death and a desire for salvation or meaning. The discussion also explores the potential benefits of psychedelics, particularly in the context of individuals facing death or suffering from diseases such as cancer. Solomon mentions studies that have shown the positive effects of psychedelics in reducing anxiety and depression in terminally ill patients. He explains that these substances can alter individuals' conceptions of death and provide a sense of connection and awe. The conversation concludes with a discussion on the nature of death and the uncertainty surrounding what happens after we die. Solomon admits to his own fear of death but also acknowledges the natural cycle of life and the potential for finding meaning and value in the finite time we have.